He was assistant secretary of the Treasury for international affairs in 1977-1981 and led the substitution account negotiations for the US in 1980 他曾在1977年至1981年担任负责国际事务的美国财政部部长助理,并曾在1980年带领美国方面进行替代账户谈判
The substitution account would be a winning proposition for all concerned. 替代账户将是一个各方都会赢的提议。
Impact of the Substitution Rate of Individual Account Based on Linkage Between Individual Account Pension and Individual Income Tax 个人账户与个人所得税激励联动对养老金替代率的影响
A substitution account would not solve all international monetary problems nor would it suffice to restore a stable global financial system. 替代账户不会解决所有的国际货币问题,也不足以重建稳定的全球金融体系。
But early adoption of a substitution account would minimise the risks of adjustment of the present imbalances and the inevitable structural shift to a bipolar monetary system based on the euro as well as the dollar. 不过,及早采纳替代账户安排,可以把当前失衡出现调整的风险最小化,并避免国际货币体系出现结构性转型,从而转向以美元和欧元为基础的两极体系。
The idea of a substitution account is simple. 这个替代账户的想法很简单。
The international financial architecture would be greatly strengthened by a substitution account. 国际金融架构会因这个替代账户而得到极大加强。
The social pension insurance system being pursued has problems such as delay in rural pension insurance, indistinct disparities in substitution ratio, operation of empty account and so on. 而正在推行的社会养老保险制度存在农村养老保险滞后、替代率差异不明显、空帐运行等问题;
On Currency Substitution& Test and Policy Suggestions under the Opening of Capital Account 货币替代&中国资本帐户开放进程中的考验与政策选择
Typical of Currency Substitution is the monetary fluctuation of an open economy, so Capital Account must be studied when we analyze Currency Substitution, therefore its risk and profit are studied. 货币替代是开放经济下的一种货币性扰动,研究货币替代就不能不研究一国的资本账户问题。所以本文对资本账户开放的利益和风险进行了分析。
Degree of import substitution and external trade, on account of determination of circulation by production, the rise and development of import-substitution of China changed the commodity construction of the import and export of China, and this Change demonstrated the degree of import substitution of China industry. 进口替代程度与对外贸易。由于生产决定流通,中国进口替代工业的兴起与发展,改变了中国的进出口商品结构,而进出口商品结构的改变,又反映了当时中国王业的进口替代程度。
Currency substitution in narrow sense ( currency substitution for media of exchange) may be none of business to China at present, because the Capital Account is still under control in China, which can keep away large-scale currency substitution from China perfectly. 狭义的货币替代(即货币交易媒介职能的替代)对于中国来说,也许是挺遥远的一件事情,因为中国目前实行的管制政策能较好地防范大规模的货币替代的出现。